Pollution is the process of making land, water, air or other parts of the environment dirty and not safe or suitable to use. This can be done through the introduction of a contaminant into a natural environment, but the contaminant doesn't need to be tangible. Four kinds of pollution are air, water, land, and noise pollution.
Air pollution is a mixture of natural and man-made substances in the air we breathe. Â The air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It is typically separated into two categories: outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution. Â
Outdoor air pollution involves exposures that take place outside of the built environment.
Examples include:
•Fine particles produced by the burning of fossil fuels (i.e. the coal and petroleum used in energy production)
•Noxious gases (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, chemical vapors, etc.)
•Ground-level ozone (a reactive form of oxygen and a primary component of urban smog)
•Tobacco Smoke
Indoor air pollution involves exposures to particulates, carbon oxides, and other pollutants carried by indoor air or dust.
Examples include:
•Gases (carbon monoxide, radon, etc.)
•Household products and chemicals
•Building materials (asbestos, formaldehyde, lead, etc.)
•Outdoor indoor allergens (cockroach and mouse dropping, etc.)
•Tobacco smoke
•Mold and pollen
In some instances, outdoor air pollution can make its way indoors by way of open windows, doors, ventilation, etc.
What are the effects of air pollution on the environment and on people’s health?
Effects of air pollution on the environment: Â
1.Global warming
2.Formation of photochemical smog
3.Formation of acid rain
4.Aerosol formation
5.Depletion of Ozone
Effects of air pollution on people’s health:
Even healthy people can experience health impacts from polluted air including respiratory irritation or breathing difficulties during exercise or outdoor activities. Your actual risk of adverse effects depends on your current health status, the pollutant type and concentration, and the length of your exposure to the polluted air.
High air pollution levels can cause immediate health problems including:
•Aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness
•Added stress to heart and lungs, which must work harder to supply the body with oxygen
•Damaged cells in the respiratory system
Long-term exposure to polluted air can have permanent health effects such as:
•Accelerated aging of the lungs
•Loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function
•Development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and possibly cancer
•Shortened life span
Those most susceptible to severe health problems from air pollution are:
•Individuals with heart disease, coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure
•Individuals with lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
•Pregnant women
•Outdoor workers
•Older adults and the elderly
•Children under age 14
•Athletes who exercise vigorously outdoors
Code: 9.16.1.3.